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Resistance of large deformation of the Wushaoling Tunnel F7 soft fault

ZHAO Xufeng, CHEN Haiming, WANG Chunmiao

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 123-127 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0013-3

摘要： In this article, the mechanical characteristics of the squeeze of the F7 fault of the Wushaoling Tunnel are analyzed. The measurements and techniques are proposed to resist the deformation. The result indicates that the method of construction to control the further squeeze deflection is appropriate.

关键词： F7 deformation appropriate construction mechanical

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Deformation field and crack analyses of concrete using digital image correlation method

Yijie HUANG, Xujia HE, Qing WANG, Jianzhuang XIAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1183-1199 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0545-3

摘要： The study on the deformation distribution and crack propagation of concrete under axial compression was conducted by the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The main parameter in this test is the water-cement ( / ) ratio. The novel analysis process and numerical program for DIC method were established. The displacements and strains of coarse aggregate, and cement mortar and interface transition zone (ITZ) were obtained and verified by experimental results. It was found that the axial displacement distributed non-uniformly during the loading stage, and the axial displacements of ITZs and cement mortar were larger than that of coarse aggregates before the occurrence of macro-cracks. The effect of / on the horizontal displacement was not obvious. Test results also showed that the transverse and shear deformation concentration areas (DCAs) were formed when stress reached 30%–40% of the peak stress. The transverse and shear DCAs crossed the cement mortar, and ITZs and coarse aggregates. However, the axial DCA mainly surrounded the coarse aggregate. Generally, the higher / was, the more size and number of DCAs were. The crack propagations of specimens varied with the variation of / . The micro-crack of concrete mainly initiated in the ITZs, irrespective of the / . The number and distribution range of cracks in concrete with high / were larger than those of cracks in specimen adopting low / . However, the value and width of cracks in high / specimen were relatively small. The / had an obvious effect on the characteristics of concrete deterioration. Finally, the characteristics of crack was also evaluated by comparing the calculated results.

关键词： deformation filed distribution crack development digital image correlation method mechanical properties water-cement ratio characteristics of deformation and crack

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机械与材料力学性能的三维全场变形与应变快速检测研究

梁晋,郭翔,胡浩,李磊刚,唐正宗,史宝全,孙涛

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第1期页码 51-56

摘要：

提出并实现了一种基于工业摄影测量和数字图像的相关法，通过多种工业相机拍摄的多幅二维序列图像，快速解算出被测物体的三维坐标、变形和应变数据的方法。该方法解决了大型复杂工件生产现场快速检测难题，达到国际先进水平，可用于中小型工件和微纳米尺度工件的相关检测，以及材料性能分析，也可满足低速到高速的振动冲击和模态分析要求。在机械、材料力学等多个行业和多个学科的应用表明，该方法具有适用面广、三维全场检测、快速灵活方便的优点，取得了显著的经济和社会效益。

关键词：工业摄影测量数字图像相关法变形应变

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solid-state thermoelectric energy conversion via inorganic metal halide perovskites under tailored mechanicaldeformation

Lifu YAN, Lingling ZHAO, Guiting YANG, Shichao LIU, Yang LIU, Shangchao LIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 581-594 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0831-y

摘要： Solid-state thermoelectric energy conversion devices attract broad research interests because of their great promises in waste heat recycling, space power generation, deep water power generation, and temperature control, but the search for essential thermoelectric materials with high performance still remains a great challenge. As an emerging low cost, solution-processed thermoelectric material, inorganic metal halide perovskites CsPb(I_1–xBr_x)₃ under mechanical deformation is systematically investigated using the first-principle calculations and the Boltzmann transport theory. It is demonstrated that halogen mixing and mechanical deformation are efficient methods to tailor electronic structures and charge transport properties in CsPb(I_1–xBr_x)₃ synergistically. Halogen mixing leads to band splitting and anisotropic charge transport due to symmetry-breaking-induced intrinsic strains. Such band splitting reconstructs the band edge and can decrease the charge carrier effective mass, leading to excellent charge transport properties. Mechanical deformation can further push the orbital energies apart from each other in a more controllable manner, surpassing the impact from intrinsic strains. Both anisotropic charge transport properties andZT values are sensitive to the direction and magnitude of strain, showing a wide range of variation from 20% to 400% (with a ZT value of up to 1.85) compared with unstrained cases. The power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric device can reach as high as approximately 12% using mixed halide perovskites under tailored mechanical deformation when the heat-source is at 500 K and the cold side is maintained at 300 K, surpassing the performance of many existing bulk thermoelectric materials.

关键词： inorganic metal halide perovskites mechanical deformation thermoelectrics first-principle calculations Boltzmann transport theory

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A time−space porosity computational model for concrete under sulfate attack

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0985-7

摘要： The deterioration of the microscopic pore structure of concrete under external sulfate attack (ESA) is a primary cause of degradation. Nevertheless, little effort has been invested in exploring the temporal and spatial development of the porosity of concrete under ESA. This study proposes a mechanical–chemical model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of the porosity. A relationship between the corrosion damage and amount of ettringite is proposed based on the theory of volume expansion. In addition, the expansion strain at the macro-scale is obtained using a stress analysis model of composite concentric sphere elements and the micromechanical mean-field approach. Finally, considering the influence of corrosion damage and cement hydration on the diffusion of sulfate ions, the expansion deformation and porosity space−time distribution are obtained using the finite difference method. The results demonstrate that the expansion strains calculated using the suggested model agree well with previously reported experimental results. Moreover, the tricalcium aluminate concentration, initial elastic modulus of cement paste, corrosion damage, and continuous hydration of cement significantly affect concrete under ESA. The proposed model can forecast and assess the porosity of concrete covers and provide a credible approach for determining the residual life of concrete structures under ESA.

关键词： expansion deformation porosity internal expansion stress external sulfate attack mechanical–chemical coupling model

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基于有限变形理论的齿轮楔横轧制坯热力耦合模拟

应富强,潘孝勇,李敏

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第7期页码 47-52

摘要：

楔横轧齿轮轧制成形是一个全新的课题，在轧制过程中轧件的变形、温度场及力能参数都有待研究。将楔横轧技术与齿轮范成加工原理相结合，设计了楔横轧齿轮轧制的模具，给出了楔横轧齿轮轧制成形热力耦合本构模型，并在SuperForm平台对轧制成形过程进行了有限元模拟，获得了轧件在成形过程中的变形规律、温度场分布及力能参数变化等数据，详细分析了数值模拟结果，为进一步研究齿轮楔横轧制坯提供参考。

关键词：楔横轧齿轮热力耦合有限元

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浅埋大跨黄土隧道管棚受力机制分析

李健,谭忠盛,喻渝,倪鲁肃

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第9期页码 92-96

摘要：

以郑西客运专线阌乡隧道为依托工程，进行浅埋大跨黄土隧道长大管棚受力机制的研究。对隧道进入下穿高速公路前的管棚纵向变形进行现场监测，根据测试结果分析管棚在隧道开挖过程中的受力特性，得到浅埋黄土隧道长大管棚受力变形规律：掌子面前方约15 m处管棚开始受力，掌子面过后约15 m管棚的受力趋于稳定，管棚的纵向变形总体上呈凹槽形分布，掌子面处管棚受力最大。通过有限差分程序FLAC3D计算不同管棚参数条件下的施工方案，为隧道下穿段管棚工法及施工方案的优化设计提供理论依据，并在下穿段沉降监测中得到验证。

关键词：浅埋暗挖下穿施工黄土隧道管棚变形监测受力机制

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基于集成液体交换的微流控芯片的完整单细胞动态变形测量 Article

Xu Du, Di Chang, Shingo Kaneko, Hisataka Maruyama, Hirotaka Sugiura, Masaru Tsujii, Nobuyuki Uozumi, Fumihito Arai

《工程（英文）》 2023年第24卷第5期页码 94-101 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.020

摘要：

本文报道了采用一种集成了力感应和液体交换功能的微流控芯片来测量单细胞力学性能的方法。使用光学镊子操纵和定位在推力探针和力传感器探针之间的单个细胞。这两个芯片上的探针被设计用来捕获和使细胞变形。通过移动由外力驱动的推力探针，而使单个细胞变形。层流在探针之间形成液-液界面以改变细胞外环境。通过控制注入压力来改变界面的位置。通过调整两个正压力和一个负压力来平衡流动的扩散和扰动。在微流控芯片中测定了不同渗透浓度环境下的单个集胞藻（Synechocystis）菌株PCC 6803 的力学性能。在0.3~0.7 s 内实现液体交换过程，同时也显示了单个细胞的动态变形。可以在30 s 内收集不同渗透浓度下两个杨氏模量值的测量结果以及单个细胞在渗透压冲击下的动态响应。研究了野生型（WT）和突变型集胞藻细胞的动态变形，揭示了机械敏感（MS）通道的功能机制。该系统提供了一种监测单个完整细胞响应快速外部渗透变化的实时力学动力学的新方法；因此，该系统为准确描述细胞中MS通道的生理功能提供了新的机会。

关键词：微流控芯片力学性能动态变形单细胞液体交换

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Numerical modeling of nonlinear deformation of polymer composites based on hyperelastic constitutive

Qingsheng YANG, Fang XU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 284-288 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0067-0

摘要： Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites exhibit nonlinear and hyperelastic characteristics under finite deformation. This paper investigates the macroscopic hyperelastic behavior of fiber reinforced polymer composites using a micromechanical model and finite deformation theory based on the hyperelastic constitutive law. The local stress and deformation of a representative volume element are calculated by the nonlinear finite element method. Then, an averaging procedure is used to find the homogenized stress and strain, and the macroscopic stress-strain curves are obtained. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate hyperelastic behavior and deformation of the composites, and the effects of the distribution pattern of fibers are also investigated to model the mechanical behavior of FRP composites.

关键词： composites hyperelastic finite deformation homogenization micromechanics

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铝合金板材拉伸变形时橘皮成因的研究进展

马鸣图,杨红亚,吴娥梅,金庆生

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第1期页码 4-13

摘要：

本文对铝合金板材拉伸变形时橘皮成因的研究进展进行了评述。首先展示了有无橘皮板材在各种检测仪器下拉伸变形前后的表面形貌、表面滑移带、粗糙度和拉伸断口的形貌，并展示了纳米硬度的测量结果和表征。进一步介绍了最近关于橘皮形成的电子背散射衍射技术（EBSD）的研究成果和X射线对有无橘皮样品的织构测量结果，结合样品的显微组织和力学性能深入分析了橘皮的成因。一系列的结果表明，拉伸变形以后表面橘皮的出现与拉伸变形过程中产生的织构密切相关，而织构的生成又与拉伸过程中晶粒变形的不均匀性有关；晶粒的大小将明显影响变形的不均匀性和织构的生成，粗晶粒比细晶粒更容易产生不均匀变形、晶粒转动和织构，从而导致拉伸变形后生成表面橘皮。由此介绍了粗晶粒和细晶粒拉伸变形后表面状态的示意模型，同时建议对橘皮的形成进行进一步的研究和分析，以完善橘皮成因的定量描述。

关键词：橘皮成因力学性能拉伸断口纳米硬度 EBSD X射线

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A continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method based on deformable blocks for fracture

Yongchang CAI, Hehua ZHU, Xiaoying ZHUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第4期页码 369-378 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0222-x

摘要： In the framework of finite element meshes, a novel continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA) method is proposed in this paper for modeling of crack problems. In the present CDDA, simple polynomial interpolations are defined at the deformable block elements, and a link element is employed to connect the adjacent block elements. The CDDA is particularly suitable for modeling the fracture propagation because the switch from continuous deformation analysis to discontinuous deformation analysis is natural and convenient without additional procedures. The SIFs (stress intensity factors) for various types of cracks, such as kinked cracks or curved cracks, can be easily computed in the CDDA by using the virtual crack extension technique (VCET). Both the formulation and implementation of the VCET in CDDA are simple and straightforward. Numerical examples indicate that the present CDDA can obtain high accuracy in SIF results with simple polynomial interpolations and insensitive to mesh sizes, and can automatically simulate the crack propagation without degrading accuracy.

关键词： fracture crack propagation deformable block continuous/discontinuous deformation analysis (CDDA)

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Calculation methods of the crack width and deformation for concrete beams with high-strength steel bars

Jianmin ZHOU, Shuo CHEN, Yang CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 316-324 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0211-0

摘要： Three groups of concrete beams reinforced with high-strength steel bars were tested, and the crack width and deformation of the specimens were observed and studied. To facilitate the predictions, two simplified formulations according to a theory developed by the first author were proposed. The advantages of the formulations were verified by the test data and compared with several formulas in different codes.

关键词： concrete beam high-strength steel bar crack width deformation

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Calculation method of radial stress and deformation on conic threaded connections with interference fit

Shoujun CHEN, Qiang LI, Qi AN,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 302-307 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0018-9

摘要： This paper presents a calculation method for radial stress distribution and deformation on conic threaded connections with interference fit. Based on elastic mechanics, a new calculation model is established using the thick-walled-cylindrical theory. A sample calculation for API 88.9 mm conic threaded connection indicates that the method proposed in this paper is reasonable, and the finite element analysis (FEA) method is used to validate the proposed method. The results obtained by the proposed method and FEA method are identical. The model offers a new way of calculating the radial stress and deformation on conic thread connections with interference fit.

关键词： conic threaded connections interference fit radial stress deformation finite element analysis (FEA)

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Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 223-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0022-5

摘要： Rock blasting is a dynamic process accompanied with the propagations of shock waves and the dispersion of the explosion gas. This paper adopts the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method to simulate the rock blasting process. A dynamic parameter adjustment and the non-reflecting boundary condition are implemented in the DDA method. The sub-block DDA method to simulate fracture problems is used. The blasting process in jointed rock mass is simulated by application of the explosion gas pressure on the expanding borehole walls and induced connected fracture surfaces around the boreholes. The blast craters with different overburdens are derived. The whole process including the explosion gas dispersion, borehole expansion, rock mass failure and cast, and the formation of the final blasting piles in rock blasting are well reproduced numerically. Parametric study for different overburdens is carried out, and the results are analyzed and discussed.

关键词： blast crater jointed rock mass explosion gas pressure discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method

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Rotation errors in numerical manifold method and a correction based on large deformation theory

Ning ZHANG, Xu LI, Qinghui JIANG, Xingchao LIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 1036-1053 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0535-5

摘要： Numerical manifold method (NMM) is an effective method for simulating block system, however, significant errors are found in its simulation of rotation problems. Three kinds of errors, as volume expansion, stress vibration, and attenuation of angular velocity, were observed in the original NMM. The first two kind errors are owing to the small deformation assumption and the last one is due to the numerical damping. A large deformation NMM is proposed based on large deformation theory. In this method, the governing equation is derived using Green strain, the large deformation iteration and the open-close iteration are combined, and an updating strategy is proposed. The proposed method is used to analyze block rotation, beam bending, and rock falling problems and the results prove that all three kinds of errors are eliminated in this method.

关键词： numerical manifold method rotation large deformation Green strain open-close iteration